Semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis (SDD-AGE) was conducted according to the published protocol36 (link). Crude cell lysis was resuspended in 1×sample buffer (0.5×TBE, 10% glycerol, 2% SDS, and 0.0025% bromophenol blue) and loaded onto a vertical 1.5% agarose gel (Bio-Rad, USA). After electrophoresis in the running buffer (1×TBE and 0.1% SDS) for 35 min with a constant voltage of 100 V at 4 °C, the proteins were transferred to Immobilon membrane (Millipore, USA) for immunoblotting and the following procedures are same as the Western-blot assay.
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