Detailed Immunohistochemistry Protocol for Starfish Anatomy

Photographs of sections processed for immunohistochemistry were captured using a INFINITY5-5C Color Camera (Teledyne Lumenera, Ontario, CA) linked to a DMRA2 light microscope (Leica), utilising INFINITY ANALYZE v.7.0.2.920 image analysis software (Teledyne Lumenera, Ontario, CA) running on an iMac computer (27-inch, Late 2013 model with OS X Yosemite, version 10.10). Montages of photographs were prepared using Adobe Photoshop CC (version 19.1.4, × 64) and Adobe Illustrator CC (version 22.1, × 64) running on a MacBook Pro computer (13-inch, early 2015 model with OS Monterrey version 12.2.1). Interpretation of the patterns of immunostaining reported here can be made with reference to Fig. 2, which shows a graphic representation of starfish anatomy.Fig. 2

Graphical representation of starfish anatomy showing a vertical section of the central disk and the proximal region of an adjoining arm. Colour key: body wall skeleton, green; digestive system, orange; hemal system, brown; muscles, purple; nervous system, pink; perihemal system, yellow; reproductive system, grey; water vascular system, blue. Abbreviations: a, anus; amp, ampulla; am, apical muscle; cs, cardiac stomach; conr, circumoral nerve ring; gcc, general coelomic cavity; gon, gonad; m, mouth; ma, madreporite; oa, organ axial; os, ossicle; pa, papullae; pm, peristomial membrane; pc, pyloric caecum; pd, pyloric duct; ps, pyloric stomach; rc, rectal caecum; rnc, radial nerve cord; rw, radial water vascular canal; sa, sinus of axial organ; sc, stone canal; tm, tourniquet muscle; tb, Tiedemann’s body; tf, tube foot. Diagram was modified from Yañez-Guerra et al. (2018 (link))

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Tinoco A.B., Egertová M, & Elphick M.R. (2023). Immunohistochemical localisation of vasopressin/oxytocin-type, corazonin-type and luqin-type neuropeptide expression in the starfish Asterias rubens using antibodies to the C-terminal region of precursor proteins. Cell and Tissue Research, 391(3), 441-456.

Publication 2023

Anus Body Caecum Canal Cardiac Cavity Cord Digestive system Foot Gonad Imac Immunohistochemistry Membrane Microscope light Mouth Muscle Nerve Nervous system Pyloric stomach Radial nerve Rectal Reproductive system Sinus Skeleton Starfish Stomach Stone Tourniquet Vascular Vascular system

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Other organizations : Queen Mary University of London

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