The diagnosis and response assessments of PCNSL were made with reference to the guidelines formulated by the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group in 2005 [17 (link)]. Patients with positive human immunodeficiency virus or Epstein-Barr virus were excluded. Each patient signed a written informed consent document prior to the study. The study was approved by the ethical committee at our hospital and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (no. ZS-2040).
Patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL received lumber puncture at baseline, before each cycle of chemotherapy, every three months during maintenance therapy, and at the time of relapse or progression. Patients with other CNLs received lumber puncture before chemotherapy. One microliter of CSF was used to measure IL-10 concentration for four hours for the detection. The rest of the CSF samples (five to ten microliters) and matched buccal mucosa were stored at −80°C. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues were obtained and stored at room temperature prior to DNA extraction.