Iron Metabolism in Cocaine Use Disorder

We recruited 44 individuals (95% male) with a chronic history of cocaine use, meeting the DSM-IV-TR criteria for cocaine dependence, and 44 matched healthy control volunteers (93% male) without a history of drug or alcohol dependence. The diagnosis of cocaine dependence was ascertained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and these individuals are subsequently referred to as cocaine use disorder (CUD). None of the control participants had ever met DSM-IV-TR criteria for substance dependence; for further details see Supplementary Material. All participants provided written informed consent before they underwent a medical review and psychiatric screening. Exclusion criteria included major medical or neurological illness, lifetime history of a psychotic disorder, history of a traumatic head injury, or any contra-indications to MR-scanning. Dietary iron intake was calculated from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (http://www.srl.cam.ac.uk/epic/nutmethod/FFQ.shtml). Diet-related variations in iron absorption were estimated using the algorithms developed by Hallberg and Hulthen.^{33 (link)} All participants provided blood samples for the analysis of iron proteins in serum (that is, ferritin, iron, transferrin), hepcidin-25, acute inflammation (that is, C-reactive protein (CRP)) and haematological status. This study was approved by the National Research Ethics Committee (12/EE/0519; PI: KDE).

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Ersche K.D., Acosta-Cabronero J., Jones P.S., Ziauddeen H., van Swelm R.P., Laarakkers C.M., Raha-Chowdhury R, & Williams G.B. (2017). Disrupted iron regulation in the brain and periphery in cocaine addiction. Translational Psychiatry, 7(2), e1040-.

Publication 2017

Alcohol dependence Blood analysis Blood proteins C reactive protein Cocaine Cocaine dependence Diagnosis Diet iron Drug Ferritin Food Head traumatic injury Healthy volunteers Hepcidin Inflammation Iron Male Proteins Psychotic disorder Research ethics committee Serum Substance dependence Transferrin

Corresponding Organization :

Other organizations : University of Cambridge, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Wellcome Trust, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) group
Healthy control group

dependent variables

Serum iron proteins (ferritin, iron, transferrin)
Serum hepcidin-25
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP)
Hematological status

control variables

Sex (95% male in CUD group, 93% male in control group)
Absence of major medical or neurological illness
Absence of lifetime history of a psychotic disorder
Absence of history of a traumatic head injury
Absence of any contraindications to MR-scanning
Dietary iron intake calculated from Food Frequency Questionnaire
Diet-related variations in iron absorption estimated using algorithms developed by Hallberg and Hulthen

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