Nitric oxide (NO) release into the cell culture media was measured with a Nitric Oxide Analyzer (Sievers 270B) according to lab standards94 (link). The system measures nitrite, the major product of NO, which is generated when NO is exposed to superoxide anion. Therefore, NO that is produced in the media is able to be measured as nitrite after exposure to iodide and acetic acid at room temperature. Ionomycin from streptomyces conglobatus (Sigma) was added 1 h before collection to serve as a positive control. The media was collected for NO measures, and the cells were collected in protein lysis buffer to measure the protein level. All NO measurements were corrected for total protein (mg) based on whole cell lysates.
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