Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by CellROXs Deep Red Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), according to the commonly used protocols in our laboratory [24 (link)]. Briefly, cells grown in 96-well plates were incubated with 1 μM Aβ1-42 with or without pretreatment with different concentrations of Artemether. Cells were then incubated with CellROXs Deep Red Reagent (5 μM in fresh DMEM for 1 hour in the dark). Fluorescence was measured, and semiquantitative ROS levels and normalized ROS levels are presented as a percentage of the control group.
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