PD98059 (Selleck, Houston, Texas, USA), which is a ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and functions as an antagonist, was used as a specific inhibitor of MEK 25 . RK33 (Selleck, Houston, Texas, USA), which inhibits DDX3 helicase activity 26 (link), was used as a specific inhibitor of DDX3.
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