Participants with a history of CVD or its treatment, pregnant women and those with incomplete data were excluded from study participation. Anthropometric measurements performed were weight, height and WC. Weight (kg) was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg with the respondent wearing light clothes and without shoes using the Omron-B100 scale. Height (m) was measured to the nearest 0.1 m using a stadiometer. Participants were requested to stand vertically on the stadiometer without shoes. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated dividing weight in kilograms by height measured in meters squared. Waist circumference (WC) (cm) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm at the level of the iliac crest while the participant was at minimal respiration.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness measurements were done using a LOGIQe ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, CT, USA), according to detailed procedures and methods that were previously published by Ali et al., 2018. For CVD risk factors, Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer (Omron M6, Omron, Kyoto, Japan), detailed procedure [30 (link)]; fasting blood glucose and lipids were determined using the AU480 auto analyzer from Beckman Coulter.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness measurements were done using a LOGIQe ultrasound system (GE Healthcare, CT, USA), according to detailed procedures and methods that were previously published by Ali et al., 2018. For CVD risk factors, Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer (Omron M6, Omron, Kyoto, Japan), detailed procedure [30 (link)]; fasting blood glucose and lipids were determined using the AU480 auto analyzer from Beckman Coulter.
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