coupled to a Waters VION IMS QTOF mass spectrometer (Waters Co., Milford,
MA, U.S.A.). Chromatographic separations were performed on a Waters
Acquity BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), which was
eluted by a mobile phase comprising of 0.1% formic acid in water (A)
and MeCN (B). A stepwise gradient method at a constant flow rate (0.3
mL/min) was used with the following conditions: 10–100% of
B (0–12 min), followed by 3 min of washing and 3 min of reconditioning.
MS/MS analysis was performed in data-independent acquisition (MSE) of negative ion mode. MS/MS spectral data matching was performed
by the feature-based molecular networking workflow in GNPS,30 (link) after the preprocessing using MS-DIAL.31 (link)