The experiment was conducted using 7-year-old grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese) grafted on 110 Richter (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) at the experimental farm of the Department of Agriculture Food and Environment of the University of Pisa in 2019 and 2020. Vines were grown in rows under open field conditions in 50-L containers (40% peat and 60% silty-loam soil), spaced at 4.2 m × 0.9 m, and trained to a Guyot system as previously reported (Palai et al., 2022a (link)). Fertilizers were supplied in spring by irrigation until the irrigation treatments were started (Palai et al., 2022a (link)). Berry growth was monitored using a modified Eichhorn–Lorenz (E–L) scale (Coombe, 1995 (link)). The climatic conditions and phenological stages were reported in Palai et al. (2022a) (link). In brief, annual precipitations (970 and 1,060 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and reference evapotranspiration (900 and 891 mm, respectively) were similar between years, whereas the mean air temperature in April and May was lower in 2019 than 2020 (14.7°C and 16.5°C, respectively, average between months), determining a 7-day delay in fruit set. The harvest date for each irrigation regimes was established according to a total soluble solids (TSS) threshold (22 ± 0.5° Brix) to prevent effects due to soluble carbohydrates concentrations on berry-glycosylated VOCs concentration or on berry dry weight (DW).
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