Samples from 4-month-old mice were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. Total RNAs were isolated using TRIzol reagent (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Purity of RNAs was assessed by a ratio of absorbance at 260 and 230 nm > 1.7. RNA quality was checked on agarose gel. One microgram of RNA was used for reverse transcription with the Maxima First Strand complementary DNA (cDNA) Synthesis Kit for reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (Fermentas). cDNAs were amplified using the Maxima SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (2×; Fermentas). qPCR reactions were performed on a Roche Light Cycler system (Roche). All PCR and qPCR products were examined qualitatively on agarose gels. All presented RT-qPCR results were normalized by the geometrical mean of three independent reference genes (Ywhaz, Polr2a, and Rplpo), as previously described (49 (link)). Sequences of primers are listed in table S6.