Insulin secretion was measured as described (22 (link)). Briefly, INS-1E cells were washed with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate HEPES solution (KRB), incubated for 30 min with KRB without glucose, and insulin secretion was induced by 30 min incubation with KRB containing 1.67 or 16.7 mM glucose with or without 10 μM forskolin. Insulin was measured by ELISA (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden) in cell-free supernatants and acid-ethanol extracted cell lysates. Total protein was measured in cell lysates using the Protein Assay Dye Reagent (Biorad).