104 HEK293T cells were transfected with IL-10 firefly luciferase reporter constructs, renilla luciferase reporter and plasmids expressing IRF1, BATF, W11R30 (link) or c-Maf using Fugene. Cells were analyzed 48h later with the dual luciferase assay kit (New England Biolabs). Fragments containing the proximal Il10 promoter (−1.5 kb including the HSS-0.12 site), and the CNS-9 or HSS+2.98 regions upstream of the Il10 minimal promoter were described before 9 (link), 31 (link) and were cloned into pGL4.10 Luciferase reporter plasmid (Promega).