The in-house panel was designed by referring to the previous studies with Ion AmpliSeq designer software (Thermo Fisher Scientific)24 (link),25 (link). Sixty-nine significantly mutated genes (SMGs) were included to cover SMGs for both EAC and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Fig. 2). The SMGs were selected according to (1) genes that are often involved in esophageal cancer (EC), obtained from TCGA and other projects9 (link),10 (link),26 (link)–28 (link) and (2) genes frequently mutated in EC, referring to the COSMIC database (http://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cancergenome/projects/cosmic). Finally, the panel consisted of 4410 primer pairs.

List of 69 significant mutated genes included in the panel. Each box shows each gene included in the panel.

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