The LH surge was induced using an injection paradigm described in Bosch et al. [31 (link)]. Briefly, animals underwent bilateral ovariectomy. Five days following the procedure, animals were given a subcutaneous injection of 0.25 µg of β-estradiol (EB; catalog no. E8875; Sigma-Aldrich) in 100 µL of sesame oil (catalog no. S3547; Sigma-Aldrich) at ZT10. On the following day, the animals were given a subcutaneous injection of 1.5 µg of EB in sesame oil (100 µL) at ZT10. On the following day, 7 days after ovariectomy, the animals were euthanized at ZT4 (1000 hours) or ZT12 (lights off; 1800 hours) and blood was collected for LH measurement.