For production of infectious HIV-1, HEK293T cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding full-length HIV-1NL4.3 by calcium-phosphate DNA precipitation (Takara Bio Europe). Virus-containing culture supernatants were harvested 48–72 h post transfection, filtered using 0.45 μm filters (VWR International), and concentrated via ultracentrifugation through a 20% sucrose cushion (Sigma-Aldrich). The infectious titer of the virus stock was defined by a β-galactosidase-based blue cell assay using TZM-bl cells46 (link).
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