The prototrophic S. cerevisiae strains CEN.PK113-7D [21 ] and S288C (ATCC 204508) [82 (link)] were grown in liquid cultures. The shake-flask cultivations with biotin were performed in 500 ml flasks containing 100 ml of medium, which were incubated at 30°C on an orbital shaker set at 200-rpm. The composition of the synthetic medium (SM) was as follows: glucose (20 g.l-1), (NH4)2SO4 (5 g.l-1) KH2PO4 (3 g.l-1), MgSO4 (0.5 g.l-1), trace elements and vitamin solutions [62 (link)]. A separate biotin-free vitamin solution was used for growth in absence of biotin. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.0 and sterilized by autoclaving. Glucose was autoclaved separately. Vitamins were filter-sterilized and added to the medium. Growth of the various strains was monitored by OD measurements at 660 nm.
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