Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 35% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (349887, Merck KGaA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and Ham’s F12 medium were obtained from GIBCO (Life Technologies; Carlsbad, USA). CellTiter-Glo assay (G7572), Nano-Glo luciferase and ROS-Glo Hydrogen Peroxide assay kits were purchase from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI, USA). Chloroquine (CQ; Sigma-Aldrich, C6628) and Concanavalin A (ConA, MERCK, MO, 344085) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare stock solutions. Human RPE cell cultures (ARPE-19) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (CRL-2302; ATCC) and cultured as previously described [12 (link)].
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