Cell viability was determined using the EZ-CyTox (tetrazolium salt, WST-1) cell viability assay kit (Daeil Lab Service, Seoul, Korea), as previously described [33 (link)]. Absorbance at 570 nm was detected using a 96-well microplate reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA). Cell viability is expressed as the fraction of the surviving cells relative to the vehicle-treated cells.
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