The maximal activities of CS, β‐HAD, and COX were measured as described elsewhere [10 (link), 17 (link)]. Frozen and crushed gastrocnemius muscles were homogenized in 100 times (vol/wt) of 100 mm potassium phosphate buffer using a μT‐01 bead crusher (TAITEC, Saitama, Japan). Maximal enzyme activity was measured spectrophotometrically. The total protein concentration in the homogenates was determined using a BCA protein assay (TaKaRa BIO Inc., Shiga, Japan), with activities normalized to total protein concentration.
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