It was performed as described previously [24 (link)]. Briefly, total mRNA from cells was collected using TRI reagent (#TR118; Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA). cDNA was synthesized using the Superscript Reverse Transcription system (Takara, Shiga, Japan), and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed using LightCycler FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I (Takara) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Expression levels were normalized relative to β-actin. The sequences of the primers used are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1.
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