The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital (Xijing Hospital) of the Fourth Military Medical University, with approved numbers KY20212173 and NCT05155358. All procedures relating to human participants were performed following the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed an informed consent form. The inclusion criteria were: male military personnel aged 18–35. The exclusion criteria were: participants who smoked, were injured, or had a history of gastrointestinal, lung, heart, or kidney diseases. Finally, 32 healthy male soldiers with an average age of (24.59 ± 5.36) years took part in this study. The participants received training in the same base for nearly 2 years, and their living environments were similar. All participants did not take any drugs 3 months before and during the experiments. The homogenization process was performed for 7 days with the same daily training and lives. Meals were served in the same cafeteria with a relatively fixed menu and no spicy food. Smoking and drinking were prohibited.
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