HomeCageScan (CleverSys Inc, Reston, VA) software program was used to quantify mouse behaviour in some experiments. The software program analyzes and quantifies 38 predetermined behaviors that were reclassified into 8 combined categories for statistical analysis in accordance with previous studies14 (link) (Supplementary Table 1, available at http://links.lww.com/PAIN/B220). In other experiments, EthoVision XT 12 (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, the Netherlands) was used to quantify hanging behavior and distance traveled by each mouse throughout the experiment. Using EthoVision, hanging behavior was defined as when the center of a mouse's body was located in the designated “Hang Zone” approximately 3 cm from the stainless steel cage lid and no paws were in contact with the cage floor. This analysis approach was verified by comparing hanging behavior measured by automated scoring to that measured by manual scoring. Zone parameters were validated in pilot studies before proceeding with experiments. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.99, n = 101, P < 0.001) between hanging behavior scored from automated and manual methods. EthoVision was used for all experiments except the initial characterization of homecage behaviors after SNI and CFA using HomeCageScan (Mogil lab).