Histological experiments were conceived and carried out as previously described (Shi et al., 2020 (link); Li et al., 2023 (link); Peng et al., 2023 (link)). Briefly, tracheal and left lung samples were isolated from experimental groups (control, asthma, dexamethasone and vandetanib). Then the isolated specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 12 h at room temperature. Standard histological protocols were employed by Servicebio (Wuhan, China) to perform routine staining experiments such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The bright-field photographs of stained sections were labeled and analyzed. The PAS-positive cells in lung were counted and analyzed by using Fuji ImageJ.
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