HTM cells were cultured in collagen-coated plates (Flexcell International, Burlington, VT, USA, BioFlex plates, BF-3001C), and after 90% confluency, the plates were fixed on a FlexCell (Flexcell International, FX-6000 Tension System). The cells were stretched at 0.69 Hz frequency with 15% stretching for 8 h for gene expression analysis and 24 h for protein expression analysis based on previously published reports [65 (link),66 (link),67 (link),68 (link)]. Cells and media were collected and processed, as mentioned later, for RNA analysis and immunoblotting.
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