The analysis of carotenoids in plasma was conducted using an Agilent 1260 HPLC-DAD and chromatographed using a C30 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 3 μm, YMC Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA). A total of 500 μL of plasma was required to extract lutein and zeaxanthin [44 (link),45 (link)]. Both carotenoids were quantified at 450 nm using authentic external standard curves.
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