LC-MS/MS Analysis of Extracts

For LC-MS/MS analysis of the extract, a Shimadzu LC-10 HPLC, equipped with a Grace Vydac Everest Narrow bore C-18 column [internal diameter (100 mm × 2.1 mm) and particle size 300 Å), was utilized. An LTQ Linear Ion Trap MS (Thermo Finnigan, San Jose, CA), with a mass range of 100–2,000 m/z, was utilized. A sample size of 2 µL was auto-injected. A gradient elution pattern (continued for 15 min) was employed using gradients of 5% CH₃CN and 0.05% HCOOH, until 95% CH₃CN 0.05% HCOOH. For data analysis and interpretation, the software MSDIAL ver.5.1.230912 and MZmine 3 were utilized. The files of the raw data were then converted to mzXML format using MSConvert from the ProteoWizard suite (Al Mousa et al., 2022 (link)).