Mouse anti-E-cadherin, anti-p120ctn, and anti-δ-catenin clone 30 (to amino acids 85-194) were from BD Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA). Monoclonal anti-GAPDH was from EMD Science. Rabbit, guinea pig, and mouse antibodies against different epitopes of mouse or human δ-catenin (epitopes on mouse 85-194, 292-309, 691-708, 1017-1035; human 434-530, 828-1022) were described previously (4 (link), 5 (link)). Rabbit anti-PARP and anti-PKM2 were from Cell Signaling. Rabbit anti-HIF-1α and anti-Bcl-2 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology whereas rabbit anti-β-catenin was from Sigma. Rabbit anti-Glut-1 and mouse anti-mitochondrial NADPH dehydrogenase/complex cocktail were from Abcam. All other chemicals were from sigma unless indicated otherwise.