The inclusion criteria were as follows: retrospective studies and prospective studies (including single-arm studies, cohort studies, and randomized control trials); patients who were pathologically diagnosed with any type of solid cancer; patients treated with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenic drugs and RT; and studies that reported efficacy endpoints, including objective response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), disease control rate (DCR), mortality rate (MR), and AEs.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: experiments performed in vitro or in vivo, but not based on patients; incomplete data for the targeted outcomes; patients with hematologic tumors, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma; and studies published as conference abstracts, reviews, comments, case reports, and letters.
Two researchers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of the studies and submitted eligible studies for full-text analysis to confirm whether they should be included in the meta-analysis. After each selection stage, the 2 researchers compared their findings. Inconsistencies were resolved and discussed by a third researcher.
The exclusion criteria were as follows: experiments performed in vitro or in vivo, but not based on patients; incomplete data for the targeted outcomes; patients with hematologic tumors, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and malignant lymphoma; and studies published as conference abstracts, reviews, comments, case reports, and letters.
Two researchers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of the studies and submitted eligible studies for full-text analysis to confirm whether they should be included in the meta-analysis. After each selection stage, the 2 researchers compared their findings. Inconsistencies were resolved and discussed by a third researcher.
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