Data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools [18 (link), 19 (link)] hosted at New York University and analysed using Stata software, version 14.2 for Windows (StataCorp, College Station, Texas). Data analyses were conducted using a complete-case approach, whereby participants with missing data for relevant variables were excluded. Summary statistics for continuous variables are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR, 25th–75th percentile), depending on the distribution of data and as numbers and percentages (%) for categorical variables. The prevalence of Plasmodium infection, along with the 95% confidence interval (CI), was calculated using the Taylor linearized method that accounts for the clustered data-structure [20 ]. Associations between household and individual level socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors, and Plasmodium infections were evaluated using multilevel logistic regression models with exchangeable correlation matrix, considering village and household as grouping variables and reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs.
Free full text: Click here