The nitrate content in the cultures were determined in the supernatant after centrifugation of the samples. The exact method was published elsewhere [36 (link)]. A Dionex ICS-6000 ion chromatography system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) equipped with an IonPac AS11 and guard column (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was used. Detection was done via a conductivity detector unit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Quantification was possible via calibration of nitrate standards (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).
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