Gomisin G, D, J, N and O were purchased from Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd (Sichuan, China). The purity of the Gomisins were measured using an Agilent 1100 series high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system fitted with a RP-C18 column (Gemini, 5 μm, 4.6×250 mm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) at room temperature as previously described (Maharjan et al., 2018 (link)). A UV/VIS detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to measure the absorbance at 220 nm. The mobile phase was 65% aqueous acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 3.0 mL/min. Its chromatogram showed 98% purity; thus, it was used without further purification.