The sample size was calculated based on a previous study (Shebib et at., 2019 (link)) and taking into account the pain scale. At a significance level of 0.05 and a statistical power of 95%, the calculated total number of participants was 20. Considering a 10% dropout rate, the final number of participants was set to 23. Mean values were compared using the Mann–Whitney U tests. A generalized linear model was used to compare daily PA and EMG device–obtained data. A repeated-measures two-factor analysis of variance was performed in addition to multiple comparisons in case of a statistically significant difference. Pearson coefficients were used for correlation analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software package for Windows (version 19.0, Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < .05.
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Evaluating Pain Scale Effects on Sample Size
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Corresponding Organization : Catholic University of Daegu
Other organizations : Daegu TechnoPark, Hacettepe University
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Variable analysis
independent variables
- None explicitly mentioned
- Pain scale
- Daily PA (physical activity)
- EMG device-obtained data
- None explicitly mentioned
- Positive control: Not mentioned
- Negative control: Not mentioned
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