A standard direct ELISA protocol was applied essentially as described [18 (link)]. Microtiter plates were coated using 0.1 μg/well of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike, S1 domain, RBD, NTD subunits or huACE2 (Sino Biological, Beijing, China). AP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG or AP-conjugated anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA, USA) were applied for rabbit sera or recombinant antibodies, respectively. Detection was performed using PNPP substrate (Sigma, Rehovot, Israel). Data points were fitted using non-linear regression (Prism 5, GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA).
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