To silence the expression of SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, or ALK-5, GIC were transiently transfected by electroporation (Neon transfection system, Invitrogen) using siRNA pools (ON-TARGET plus human SMAD2 siRNA-SMART pool L-003561-00, ON-TARGET plus human SMAD3 siRNA-SMART pool L-020067-00-0020, ON-TARGET plus human SMAD4 siRNA- SMART pool L-003902-00 and ON-TARGET plus human ALK-5 siRNA- SMART pool L-003929-00 (Dharmacon, Lafayette, CO). Non-targeting siRNA pool was used as a negative control. Lentiviral pGIPZ vectors encoding c-MET-specific (Oligo ID V3LHS_642486) or non-silencing control shRNA (Oligo ID RHS4346) were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA). Glioma cells were transduced with lentiviral particles produced as described37 (link). Stably transduced clones were isolated with 4 µg/ml puromycin and subjected to analyses and assays after 1–5 passage post selection.
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