Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis Analysis

Mitochondrial respiration oxygen consumption rates (OCR), which allow conclusions about different parameters of mitochondrial respiration, were recorded by using an extracellular flow analyser Agilent Seahorse XF24 (Seahorse Bioscience, North Billerica, MA, USA) [81 (link)] and the Mito Stress Test Assay (Seahorse Bioscience, North Billerica, MA, USA), which was performed according to the protocol described by Butler et al. [82 (link)]. Additionally, using the same instrument together with the company’s Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) Assay, we studied the extracellular acidification rates of the respective cell cultures as indicators of energy-producing pathways of glycolysis [83 (link)]. The analyses of the OCR and ECAR of the untreated and light-exposed tumour cell cultures used were carried out under identical conditions, as previously described by us [35 (link)].