All human studies were performed under IRB approval at the University of Wisconsin. Pickhardt and colleagues serially monitored 306 polyps ranging in starting size from 6 to 9mm by CT colonography.2 (link) Percent volumetric grow rate per year was determined as previously described.2 (link) Of the 306 with known growth fates, 48 resected polyps were selected based on amount of remaining formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and from a variety of growth fates. These selected tumors were removed from 36 asymptomatic patients identified at normal colorectal cancer screening from the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics as well as the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. These individuals had a mean age of 57±8 years and 28 (78%) were male. DNA was isolated from FFPE tissue scraped from 5μm sections using the Maxwell DNA FFPE Kit (Promega, Madison, WI) and eluted into a volume of 30μl of buffer following the manufacturer’s instructions.