Protein extraction from the hippocampal tissue and blotting analyses were performed as previously illustrated.40 (link) Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (MAB3925, 1:1000; R&D System), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (sc-390991, 1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and β-actin (MAB8929, 1:2000; R&D System, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were used as a primary antibody, whereas goat anti-mouse IgG (sc-2039, 1:5000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used a secondary antibody. The protein bands were visualized using a chemiluminescence HRP substrate (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The blot intensity was then quantified using Image J software referenced to β-actin.