Single-cell suspensions were prepared from the spleen, lymph nodes (LNs), or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), and surface or intracellularly stained as described (19 (link)). The fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies were as follows: anti-CD8 (53-6.7), anti-CD4 (RM4-5), anti-CD44 (IM7), anti-CD62L (MEL-14), anti-PD-1 (J43), anti-CD45.1 (A20), anti-CD45.2 (104), anti-ICOS (C398.4A), anti-IFN-γ (XMG1.2), anti-TNFα (MP6-XT22), anti-Eomes (Dan11mag), anti-T-bet (eBio4B10), anti-IL-2 (JES6-5H4), anti-IL-7Rα (eBio17B7) and anti-KLRG1 (2F1) from eBiosciences; anti-Bcl6 (K112-91) from BD Biosciences; anti-human granzyme B (FGB12) and corresponding isotype control from Invitrogen/Life Technologies, anti-SLAM (TC15-12F12.2) from BioLegend. For detection of CXCR5, three-step staining protocol was used with unconjugated anti-CXCR5 (2G8; BD Biosciences) (24 (link)). For detection of Bcl6, surface-stained cells were fixed and permeabilized with the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBiosciences), followed by incubation with a fluorochrome-conjugated antibody or isotype control. Peptide-stimulated cytokine production and detection by intracellular staining were as described (25 (link)). Data were collected on a FACSVerse (BD Biosciences) and were analyzed with FlowJo software (TreeStar).