Dactinomycin and piplartine were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston TX); Melatonin22 (link), Trichostatin A26 (link), γ-Tocotrienol25 (link), Auranofin18 (link), Genistein27 (link), and Mito-Tempo20 (link) from Cayman chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI); GC114919 (link) from Galera Therapeutics (Malvern, PA); Recilisib sodium (also named as Ex-Rad)17 (link) from MedKoo Biosciences (Morrisville, NC; V028–5832 (also named as compound C)21 (link) and Y600–0815(also named as PKUMDL-LC-101)23 (link) from Enamine, (Monmouth Junction, NJ). The stock solutions of all these chemicals at 10 mM in DMSO were prepared, unless specified otherwise.
Cell-permeable Hoechst 33342 dye, and Calcein-AM were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). 1 mM and 2 mM (1000x) stock solutions were prepared according to the vender’s instructions, respectively.