Intranasal LAIV vs Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccination

Healthy adult volunteers were 1:1 randomized to receive either intranasal LAIV (2015/2016 Fluenz Tetra or FluMist Tetra, AstraZeneca) or intramuscular quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (Fluarix Tetra, GlaxoSmithKline), as described previously¹⁴. The control group also received a nasal saline spray, while the LAIV group also received an intramuscular saline injection. Three days post-vaccination, all subjects were inoculated with 80,000 colony-forming units (CFU) per nostril of S. pneumoniae 6B type as described previously^{6 (link),51}. Nasal microbiopsies (ASL Rhino-Pro, Arlington Scientific) and nasal lining fluid samples (Nasosorption, Hunt Developments) were collected and stored at −80 °C as previously described^{52 (link)}.

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Jochems S.P., Marcon F., Carniel B.F., Holloway M., Mitsi E., Smith E., Gritzfeld J.F., Solórzano C., Reiné J., Pojar S., Nikolaou E., German E.L., Hyder-Wright A., Hill H., Hales C., de Steenhuijsen Piters W.A., Bogaert D., Adler H., Zaidi S., Connor V., Gordon S.B., Rylance J., Nakaya H.I, & Ferreira D.M. (2018). Inflammation induced by influenza virus impairs human innate immune control of pneumococcus. Nature Immunology, 19(12), 1299-1308.

Publication 2018

Fluenz Tetra FluMist Tetra Fluarix Tetra

Adult Fluarix Flumist Healthy volunteers Influenza Intramuscular injection Nasal Nasal spray Pneumoniae Saline Tetra Vaccination

Corresponding Organization : Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Other organizations : Universidade de São Paulo, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh

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Variable analysis

independent variables

Type of vaccination received (intranasal LAIV or intramuscular quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccination)

dependent variables

Nasal microbiopsies (ASL Rhino-Pro, Arlington Scientific)
Nasal lining fluid samples (Nasosorption, Hunt Developments)

control variables

Time post-vaccination (3 days)
Inoculation with 80,000 colony-forming units (CFU) per nostril of S. pneumoniae 6B type

controls

Positive control: The LAIV group also received an intramuscular saline injection.
Negative control: The control group received a nasal saline spray.

Annotations

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