Twice a month random urine samples were routinely collected. Each subject's urine tests were analyzed for opiates, cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine), benzodiazepines (BDZ), amphetamines, and cannabis. "Positive" classification for each drug is defined on admission to MMT or if at least one urine sample for any drug was positive during the first month or after 1 year of treatment. Methadone dosage on the 13th month was used for analyses, or at the last month of treatment among patients who stayed at least 3 months but left before one year in MMT.
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