Luciferase cDNA was amplified by PCR, purified through agarose gel electrophoresis, and subcloned into BamHI and EcoRI sites of pLenti-pgk-puro vector (obtained from Viral Vector Core, UTHSC). The pLenti-Luc-mKate-pgk-puro and pLenti-pgk-puro lentiviral (empty vector for mock transfection) vectors were packaged in 293T cells [13 (link)]. The lentiviral vectors were used to transduce the U87 glioma cell line in the presence of 6 μg/mL polybrene (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Pools of stably transfected cells (U87Luc and U87Mock) were then selected by growing the cells in 1 μg/ml puromycin. Transduction efficiency was determined by using Nikon Eclipse TE300 fluorescent microscope.