Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells

Osteogenic differentiation was initiated by changing the growth medium to the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation Medium (C-28013, Promocell, Heidelberg, Germany) in ASC, BMSC, and POB of Group 1 (control). Alizarin Red staining was performed as described previously to confirm osteogenic differentiation in the control and test groups [8 (link)]. For this purpose, alizarin fluorescence was visualized by Axio Scope.A1 fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) using AxioVision Imaging Software 4.8.2.0 (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Osteogenic marker expression was determined by RT-PCR using Primer against the genes of osteopontin (OPN) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) [22 (link)].