This research covered a sample of 800 drivers (of category D and C) aged 23- 75 who were referred to Imam Sajjad Centre for drug Addiction Diagnosis. Convenience sampling method was used and it was done at two stages. Questionnaires were distributed to the drivers who had been referred to check their addiction after ensuring that all the drivers regularly used large vehicles. We also checked that all questions were answered. Then, all the drivers were selected to answer all interview items. Inclusion criterion was as follows: Drivers (of category D and C) who were referred to Imam Sajjad Centre; Exclusion criteria were as follows: Female drivers, and illiterate or uneducated drivers who could not understand the questions and refused to complete the questionnaires.
Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ): This scale was adjusted and compiled by Rissen et al. in the psychology department of Manchester University (19 ). It is based on the idea that errors and violations have different psychological reasons and correction methods; hence, they should be discriminated by researchers. Today, MDBQ has been changed into a popular instrument for assessing driving behaviors. This scale has 50 questions with Likert range from 0 to 5. Questions have two different aspects. One aspect is about the kind of behavior, and another relates to amount of risk posed to other drivers. Abnormal behaviors are as follows: Lapse errors, slips, deliberate violation and unintentional violation. These behaviors are classified as follows:
1. Behaviors that pose no risk to others, and just give a feeling of comfort (low risk probability)
2. Behaviors that are likely to put others at risk (moderate risk probability)
3. Behaviors that certainly put others at risk (high risk probability)
MDBQ has acceptable psychometric properties. Parker and Reason (20 ) have obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.81 for errors and 0. 75 for violation in reliability research for 80 drivers with a seven-week interval.
For data analysis, we used factor analysis (to analyze construct validity), internal consistency (Chronbach’α), split half, and test-retest, respectively. Less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
1. Behaviors that pose no risk to others, and just give a feeling of comfort (low risk probability)
2. Behaviors that are likely to put others at risk (moderate risk probability)
3. Behaviors that certainly put others at risk (high risk probability)
MDBQ has acceptable psychometric properties. Parker and Reason (20 ) have obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.81 for errors and 0. 75 for violation in reliability research for 80 drivers with a seven-week interval.
For data analysis, we used factor analysis (to analyze construct validity), internal consistency (Chronbach’α), split half, and test-retest, respectively. Less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
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