Before examination, the fish was anesthesia using 0.0125% buffered MS-222 solution (ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methane sulfonic acid salt, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA). Total length and standard length were measured using Vernier calipers with 0.1 mm accuracy. Fish body weight was determined to an accuracy of 0.01 g. For morphological analysis, a digital CMOS X-ray detector (Model 2315, Dexela, London, UK), set to 45 kV and 120 mA, with 2.5 seconds of exposure, was used to view vertebrae of the fish [19 (link)].
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