The Acinetobacter phage, AP205, displaying two SpyTags per VLP subunit, was designed as previously described.31 (link) In brief, the gene encoding the AP205 coat protein (Gene ID: 956335) had the SpyTag peptide sequence (AHIVMVDAYKPTK) fused to both the N- and C-terminus. Each SpyTag was separated from the coat protein by a flexible linker (GSGTAGGGSGS, N-terminus and GTASGGSGGSG, C-terminus). The Spytagged VLP was expressed in Escherichia coli One Shot® BL21 Star™ (DE3) cells (Thermo Scientific) and purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation using an Optiprep™ step gradient (23, 29 and 35%) (Sigma).