Total RNA was isolated using the NucleoZOL RNA Isolation Reagent (Macherey–Nagel, Düren, Germany) and quantified with BioSpec-nano spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Inc.). Subsequently, cDNA synthesis and qRT-PCR were performed using the FastGene Scriptase II cDNA Synthesis 5 × Ready-Mix (NIPPON Genetics EUROPE, GmbH, Düren, Germany) and the KAPA SYBR FAST qPCR Master Mix (2X), respectively. Primers were designed using the primer-BLAST tool (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/). Further details for the q-RT-PCR analysis are provided in [21 (link)].
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