The human lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI-H249) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and cultured in RPMI-1640 and 10 % fetal bovine serum (Omega Scientific, Tarzana, CA).
All animal procedures undertaken were approved by the University of Southern California Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A lung tumor xenograft model was established by injecting 2×106 of A549 or NCI-H249 cells subcutaneously in the right shoulder of nude mice as described previously [21 (link)–23 (link)].