Cell growth was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS)-based Celltiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay kit (Promega Biosciences Inc., San Louis Obispo, CA, USA), as previously described [48 (link)]. The absorbance was measured at 490 nm on a Multiskan FC Microplate Photometer (Thermo Fisher). Apoptosis was induced by 5 μM thapsigargin, as previously described [49 (link)]. Briefly, a total of 1000 cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and examined under a fluorescent microscope [4 (link)].
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